Basque etymology : Query result

Proto-Basque: *e=ośi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to sew

Bizkaian: josi

Gipuzkoan: josi

High Navarrese: josi

Low Navarrese: josi

Lapurdian: josi

Zuberoan: josi

Comments: The semantic difference (Bsq) ‘sew’ ~ (PNC) ‘weave’ ~ (Kryz) ‘spin’ seems ordinary: cf. Ger. nähen ‘to sew’ ~ Lith. nýtis `lever of a loom’, Lett. nīts ‘part of a loom’ ~ Gk νή- ‘to spin’, Lat. nē- id., etc.

Proto-Basque: *e=per̄

Meaning: partridge

Bizkaian: eper

Gipuzkoan: eper

High Navarrese: eper

Low Navarrese: epher

Lapurdian: epher

Zuberoan: épher

Roncalese: eper

Comments: Hardly derived from Lat. perdīx. Cf. PY *pǝʔr 'a kind of duck', if the latter is not borrowed from Samoyed (PU *pErV 'a kind of duck' > Selkup pūria 'Ente; Anas clangula', pūr (N) 'Entenart'; Kamass: pшrш, pшre 'Entenart; Mergus merganser').

Proto-Basque: *e=purdi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: buttocks, rump

Bizkaian: iperdi, eperdi, (Markina, Oñate) ipurdi, (arc) ipirdi

Gipuzkoan: ipurdi

High Navarrese: epurdi

Low Navarrese: (Aldude) purdi

Salazarese: ipurdi

Lapurdian: iphurdi

Baztanese: purdi, ipurdi

Zuberoan: iphürdi

Proto-Basque: *e=r̄ai

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 entrail(s) 2 lung(s) 3 pluck

Bizkaian: errai 1, errai-ki 3, gibel-errai 3

Gipuzkoan: errai, arrai 1, gibel-arrai 3

High Navarrese: errai 1, gibel-errai 3

Low Navarrese: errai 1, gibel-errai 3

Lapurdian: errai, arrai 1, gibel-arrai 3, gibel-errai 3

Zuberoan: errái 1, gibel-errái 2

Roncalese: errai 1, gibel-errai 3

Comments: Gibel-errai most widely refers to 'pluck' (major organs of an animal: heart, lungs, liver, spleen, used as food). Not to be confused with a similar word *er̄ain 'kidneys, loin, back' that is from a Romance reflex of Latin rēn- 'kidney' (Michelena 1961: 144).

Proto-Basque: *e=r̄a-n

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: say, tell, call, name

High Navarrese: erran

Low Navarrese: erran

Salazarese: erran

Lapurdian: erran

Baztanese: erran

Zuberoan: erran

Roncalese: erran

Comments: The eastern Bsq root, opposed to western *e=śa-n.

Proto-Basque: *e=rec

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 corner, edge, bank 2 side 3 fringe (of garment) 4 part(ing) of hair 5 comparison, relation

Bizkaian: ertz 1, 3, 4

Gipuzkoan: ertz 1, 3

Low Navarrese: eretz 2, 5

Lapurdian: eretz 2, 5

Proto-Basque: *e=rori

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to fall

Gipuzkoan: erori

High Navarrese: erori

Low Navarrese: erori

Lapurdian: erori

Zuberoan: erori

Comments: Cf. PNC *Hraʎwe 'to fall, go down'. Normally PNC *-ʎ- [voiceless lateral fricative] corresponds to Bsq *-ɫh- (between vowels). There has been assimilation and/or dissimilation in play; or early loss of /h/ in Bsq *e=roɫhi or *e=loɫhi > *eroli > erori?

Proto-Basque: *e=sagu-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to know (conocer, connaitre)

Bizkaian: ezagu-tu, ezau-tu, (arc) ezaun

Gipuzkoan: ezagu-tu

High Navarrese: ezagu-tu, zagu-tu

Low Navarrese: ezagu-tu

Salazarese: ezagu-tu

Lapurdian: ezagu-tu, zagu-tu

Baztanese: ezagu-tu

Aezkoan: ezagu-tu

Zuberoan: ezágü-tü

Roncalese: ezagu-tu

Comments: Trask (1997) posits an original form *ezagun, still used as the adjective 'familar, well-known'.

Proto-Basque: *e=śa-n

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: say, tell, narrate, relate

Bizkaian: esan

Gipuzkoan: esan

High Navarrese: (Larraun) esan

Comments: The western Bsq root, opposed to eastern *e=r̄a-n.

Proto-Basque: *e=sari

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to set, put 2 to sit, seat oneself 3 to give way, sag, be prostrate

Bizkaian: ezarri 2, 3

Low Navarrese: ezari 1

Salazarese: izarri 1

Lapurdian: ezari 1

Zuberoan: ezari 1

Roncalese: isari 1, (Vidángoz) izari 1

Comments: See also *e=ar̄i and *e=śeri. These three verbs have contaminated each other and are hard to separate at the synchronic level.

Proto-Basque: *e=sari

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: measure, dimension, size

Low Navarrese: izari

Lapurdian: izari

Zuberoan: izari

Comments: Comparison suggested by Bouda (1949, no. 24). The Bsq word has an archaic structure corresponding to PSC *=(V)c(w)ălV, reordered in PNC *=ălcŬm, a common phenomenon in verbal roots.

Proto-Basque: *e=śene

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 milk 2 sap

Araban: ezne 1

Bizkaian: ezne, esne 1, 2

Gipuzkoan: ezne, esne 1, 2

High Navarrese: ezne, esene 1

Low Navarrese: ezne, esne 1

Salazarese: ezne 1, 2

Lapurdian: esne 1

Baztanese: ezne 1

Zuberoan: eznẽ́ 1

Roncalese: ezne 1, 2

Comments: Bsq *ś is the expected correspondence to PNC *š, and this is attested in the ANV variant esene. The sibilant-nasal cluster in other dialects is resolved either as /śn/ or /sn/, more commonly the latter, according to Azkue. For (BN) zen-bera 'soft cheese', etc., see Bsq *sen-[-bera], a distinct etymon.

Proto-Basque: *e=seo, *e=se-ki

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to set fire, kindle 2 to burn 3 heat, ardor

Bizkaian: (Markina, Txorierri) izio 1, (arc) exeki 2

Gipuzkoan: izeki 2, (Etxarri-Aranaz) iziki, izigi 1

High Navarrese: izeki 1, 2, 3, iziki, izigi 1

Low Navarrese: ixeki 2

Lapurdian: (arc) {iechequi} /ješeki/

Roncalese: ixeki 2

Comments: *-ki is a known verbal suffix (Trask 1997: 227). Bouda (1948) Bsq + Circassian sǝ-.

Proto-Basque: *e=śeri

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to sit; to become; to put, place

Bizkaian: jasarri, (Arratia, Durango, Lekeitio, Markina) jesarri

Gipuzkoan: eseri, esegi, isiri

Salazarese: eseri

Roncalese: eseri, xaseri

Comments: BZK jesarri, jasarri and RNC xaseri seem to be blended with *e=ar̄i (q.v.). cf. also (R-Uztárroz) xasi ‘to sit, set, become’ < *e=aśi; perhaps this is a relic of the unsuffixed verb.

Proto-Basque: *e=star̄i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: throat

Bizkaian: eztarri

Gipuzkoan: eztarri

High Navarrese: eztarri, iztarri

Low Navarrese: iztarri

Zuberoan: ixtárri, ixtárre

Roncalese: eztarri, iztarri

Comments: Cf. PNC *s_wĔri ~ *ris_wĔ 'throat, neck', with PNC tense *s_ corresponding to Bsq *st.

Proto-Basque: *e=sun-ki

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to extinguish, put out (light)

Araban: itzaungi

Bizkaian: itzungi

Gipuzkoan: izungi

Comments: Cf. PEC *=Hi[š_]wVn 'to extinguish, go out (of light)'. Within EC there is variation between *s and *š. The affricate -tz- in ARB and BZK influenced by the synonym itzali (see *i=cal) of similar meaning (suggested by Michelena 1961). Bouda (1949) Bsq + Avar s:ʷi-n-.

Proto-Basque: *e=śuri

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to flow, spill

Bizkaian: isuri

Gipuzkoan: isuri

High Navarrese: isuri

Low Navarrese: isuri

Lapurdian: isuri

Zuberoan: ixuri, ixur [íšur]

Roncalese: usuri

Comments: If this comparison is valid, the PSC liquid is *ŕ, since PSC *r would yield Basque *r̄.

Proto-Basque: *e=te-n

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to break, break off 2 to tire, be fatigued

Bizkaian: eten

Gipuzkoan: eten

High Navarrese: eten

Low Navarrese: ethen

Lapurdian: ethen

Zuberoan: ethen

Roncalese: eten

Proto-Basque: *e=tor̄i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to come 2 to get along, agree, adapt 3 eloquence, inspiration 4 luck (in games)

Bizkaian: etorri 1, 2, 3, 4

Gipuzkoan: etorri 1, 2, 3, 4

High Navarrese: etorri 1, (Ulzama) torri 1, 2

Lapurdian: ethorri 1

Baztanese: torri 1, 2

Comments: Eastern dialects prefer *e=augin 'to come' (q.v.).

Proto-Basque: *e=ući

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to take 2 to take hold, seize, grasp 3 to sustain, keep, maintain 4 sock it! smack it! (in pelota game)

Bizkaian: eutsi 1, 2, (Arratia, Txorierri) eutsin 3

Gipuzkoan: eutsi 2

High Navarrese: eutsi 2

Low Navarrese: (Aldude) eutxi 4